XXIV. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Sborník příspěvků
KapitolaLocal policy measures and sustainability of local cultural actors during Covid-19: Case of Kino Usmev
Rok vydání: 2021https://doi.org/10.5817/CZ.MUNI.P210-9896-2021-40
Abstrakt
Literature suggest that local cultural centers have a potential to contribute to local sustainable development, spillovers to other sectors, urban regeneration and promote practices of care and solidarity. This being especially relevant in the times of crisis and post pandemic reorganization of cultural and creative ecosystems. This paper analyzes how the pandemic affects sustainability of local cultural center Kino Usmev, community non-governmental organization in the second biggest city of Slovakia, European Capital of Culture in 2013 and how local and national policies and COVID-19 related measures affect its future sustainability. Paper uses policy documents, government and municipal websites, but the core of the analysis is a case study based on three semi structured interviews with management of Kino Usmev, focused on four pillars of sustainability – economic, environmental, social and governance - complemented by policy related questions. The results indicate that policies of austerity and resilience are mostly applied by both national and local governments, with insufficient coordination, chaotic measures and lack of strategic planning. This creates vulnerability for local cultural centers, threatens their existence and prevents them to fully develop their potential as important actors of urban ecosystems with further socio-economic spillovers to other sectors.
Klíčová slova
cultural policy, COVID-19, cultural organizations
Reference
- ANTÉNA, (2020). O Anténe. [online] [Accessed October 19, 2020]. Available at: https://www.antenanet.sk/.
- AUDIOVIZUÁLNY FOND, (2021). O fonde. [online] [Accessed April 16 2021]. Available at: http://www.avf.sk/.
- BALAY, M., (2014). Dramaturgia nezávislých kultúrnych centier. Slovenské divadlo, vol. 62, no. 03, pp. 252–67.
- BAGWELL, S., CORRY, D., ROTHEROE, A., (2015). The Future of Funding: Options for Heritage and Cultural Organisations. Cultural Trends, 24, no.1, pp. 28–33.
- BAILEY, CH., MILES, S., STARK, P. (2004). Culture‐led urban regeneration and the revitalisation of identities in Newcastle, Gateshead and the Northeast of England. International Journal of Cultural Policy, vol. 10, no.1, pp. 47-65. ISSN 1028-6632. DOI: 10.1080/1028663042000212328.
- BANKS, M., O’CONNOR, J., (2020). A Plague upon Your Howling: Art and Culture in the Viral Emergency.” Cultural Trends, vol. 0, no. 0, pp. 1–16. DOI1080/09548963.2020.1827931.
- BETZLER, D., LOOTS, E., PPROKUPEK, M., MARQUES, L. & GRAFENAUER, P., (2020). COVID-19 and the Arts and Cultural Sectors: Investigating Countries’ Contextual Factors and Early Policy Measures. International Journal of Cultural Policy, vol. 0, no. 0, pp. 1–19. DOI: 1080/10286632.2020.1842383.
- BEIRNE, M., JENNINGS, M., & KNIGHT, S., (2017). Autonomy and resilience in cultural work: Looking
beyond the ‘creative industries’. Journal for Cultural Research, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 204–221. DOI: 10.1080/14797585.2016.1275311.
- BRATISLAVA, (2021). Výsledky grantového programu Strategická podpora kultúrnych podujatí. [online] [Accessed on 4 January 2021] Available at: https://bratislava.blob.core.windows.net/media/Default/Dokumenty/strategicka-podpora-kulturnych-podujati%20v%C3%BDsledky%202020.pdf .
- BRNO, (2021). Brno - Dopady COVID-19 Na Kulturu. [Online] [Accessed January 4, 2021]. Available at: https://www.brno.cz/sprava-mesta/magistrat-mesta-brna/usek-2-namestka-primatorky/odbor-kultury/dopady-covid-19-na kulturu/?fbclid=IwAR1cpFHdVNaGjrCanIXlvcYMVnpuZypHreunIiD2xD0MBMwWGAM9c4jNROY.
- COMUNIAN, R., ENGLAND, L., (2020). Creative and Cultural Work without Filters: Covid-19 and Exposed Precarity in the Creative Economy. Cultural Trends, 29, no. 2, pp. 112–28. DOI: 10.1080/09548963.2020.1770577.
- CIKE, (2020). Creative industry Košice. [online] [Accessed on January 4 2021]. Available at: https://www.cike.sk/.
- CROSSICK, G.,KASZYNSKA, P., (2016). Understanding the value of arts & culture. Arts and Humanities [online] [Accessed on January 4 2021]. Available at:: http://www.ahrc.ac.uk/documents/publications/cultural-value-project-final-report/.
- CROWE, K., (2007).Cinema, community and policy: contexts and pretexts for the Regional Cinema Program in New South Wales Australia. Studies in Australasian Cinema, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 377-394. DOI: 10.1386/sac.1.3.377/1.
- DELGADO, B., F., (2013). The Cinema is Dead. Long Live the Cinema: A Multiple Case Study of the Connection Between Community and Transitional Cinemas. [Master of Arts Thesis]. Ohio: Ohio State University.
- DIMAGGIO, P., (2006). The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook. In Powell, W.W. & Steinberg, R. (eds.). Nonprofit organizations and the intersectoral division of labor in the arts . New Haven, CT & London: Yale University Press., pp. 432-462. ISBN 100300109032.
- DOCKX, N., GIELEN P.(2018). Exploring Commonism: A New Aesthetics of the Real. Amsterdam: Valiz/Antennae Series. ISBN 978-9492095473.
- EKINS, P., DRESNER, S., & DALHSTROM, K., (2008). The four‐capital method of sustainable development evaluation. Enviromental policy and governance, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 63-80. DOI: 10.1002/eet.471.
- FERILLI, G., SACCO, P., TAVANO BLESSI, G., FORBICI, S., (2017). Power to the people: when culture works as a social catalyst in urban regeneration processes (and when it does not). European Planning Studies, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 241-258.
- FLORIDA, R. (2002). The Rise of the Creative Class. New York: Basic Books.
- FLORIDA, R., MELLANDER, CH., STOLARICK, K., (2008). Inside the black box of regional development - human capital, the creative class and tolerance. Journal of Economic Geography, vol. 8, pp. 615-649.
- GIBSON, Ch., KLOCKNER N., (2005). The ‘Cultural Turn’ in Australian Regional Economic Development Discourse: Neoliberalising Creativity? Geographical Research, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 93–10.
- GLAESER, E. L., KOLKO, J., SAIZ, A., (2001). Consumer city. Journal of Economic Geography, vol. 1.,
- 27–50.
- GREER, S., (2020). Funding resilience: market rationalism and the UK’s “mixed economy” for the arts. Cultural Trends, DOI: 10.1080/09548963.2020.1852875.
- GROSS J., WILSON N., (2018). Cultural democracy: an ecological and capabilities approach. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 26, no. 3, pp. 328-343. DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2018.1538363.
- GUPTA, S., GUPTA, A., (2019). Resilience’ as a Policy Keyword: Arts Council England and Austerity. Policy Studies. pp. 1–17. DOI1080/01442872.2019.1645325.
- HESMONDHALGH, D., BAKER, S., (2011). Creative Labour: Media Work in Three Cultural Industries. London: Routledge.
- HOWKINS, J. (2001). The creative economy: how people make money from ideas. Updated edition. London: Penguin.
- JOFFE, A. (2020): Covid-19 and the African cultural economy: an opportunity to reimagine and reinvigorate? Cultural Trends, DOI: 10.1080/09548963.2020.1857211.
- K13, (2021). Košické kultúrne centrá. [online] [Accessed on 4 January 2021] Available at: https://www.k13.sk/.
- KATOWICE, (2021). Telewizja Polska. “Władze Katowic przedłużyły pomoc dla przedsiębiorców i wsparcie dla kultury.”[online] [Accessed January 4, 2021]. Available at: https://katowice.tvp.pl/51061095/wladze-katowic-przedluzyly-pomoc-dla-przedsiebiorcow-i-wsparcie-dla-kultury.
- LAGERQVIST, M., (2016). Reverberations of a Crisis: The Practical and Ideological Reworkings of Irish State Heritage Work in Economic Crisis and Austerity. Heritage & Society, 9, no. 1, pp. 57–75.
- LAZZARO, E. (2021) Linking the Creative Economy with Universities’ Entrepreneurship: A Spillover Approach. Sustainability, 13, pp. 1078.
- LÉNYI, (2015). Stanica Žilina-Záriečie. Design Handbook for Cultural Centres. Truc Sperique: Žilina.
- LIN, CH., HSING, W., (2009). Culture-led Urban Regeneration and Community Mobilisation: The Case of the Taipei Bao-an Temple Area, Taiwan. Urban Studies, vol. 46, no. 7, pp. 1317-1342.
- LINZ, (2021). “Meilensteine 2020 – Fortschritte 2021.” Stadt Linz. [online] [Accessed January 4, 2021]. https://www.linz.at/medienservice/2020/202012_108899.php.
- MILES, S., PADDISON, R., (2005). Introduction: The Rise and Rise of Culture-led Urban Regeneration. Urban Studies, vol. 42, no. 5/6, pp. 833–839.
- MOMAAS, H., (2004). Cultural Clusters and the Post-industrial City: Towards the Remapping of Urban Cultural Policy. Urban Studies, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 507–532.
- O’CONNOR, M., (2006). The ‘Four Spheres’ Framework for Sustainability. Ecological Complexity, Complexity and Ecological Economics, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 285–92. DOI1016/j.ecocom.2007.02.002.
- SCOTT, A.J., (1997). The Cultural Economy of Cities. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, vol. 21, pp. 323-339.
- SERAFINI, P., NOVOSEL, N. (2020). Culture as care: Argentina’s cultural policy response to Covid-19. Cultural Trends, DOI: 10.1080/09548963.2020.1823821.
- STEVENSON, D., (2004). Civic gold rush. International Journal of Cultural Policy, vol. 10, no. 1, pp.119-131.
- STRATÉGIA KULTÚRY, (2021). Stratégia rozvoja kultúry. [online] [Accessed on 16 April 2021]. Available at: http://www.strategiakultury.sk/.
- THROSBY, D., (2001) Economics and culture. Reprinted. New York, Ny: Cambridge University Press.
- THROSBY, D., (1994). The production and consumption of the arts: A view of cultural economics. Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 1-29.
- TÓTHOVÁ, B., and ŠEBOVÁ, M. (2020). Community Cinemas in Urban Regeneration: A Case Study of Cinema Úsmev in Košice. In 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Conference Proceedings. Brno: Masaryk University, pp. 462–472. DOI: 5817/CZ.MUNI.P210-9610-2020-59.
- WEIJS-PERREÉ, D. ,VAN DEN BERG, VAN DORST. (2019). A Multi-Level Path Analysis of the Relationships between the Momentary Experience Characteristics, Satisfaction with Urban Public Spaces, and Momentary- and Long-Term Subjective Wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 16, no. 19, pp. 36-21.