Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Sport and Quality of Life. 7. – 9. 11. 2019
KapitolaMonitoring Heart Rate Variability As A Biomarker Of Fatigue In Young Athletes
Rok vydání: 2020https://doi.org/10.5817/CZ.MUNI.P210-9631-2020-21
Abstrakt
Purpose: Many high performance and especially top athletes are still at risk or suffer from total fatigue. Therefore, sports science seeks to develop an objective, sensitive and reliable method of early diagnosis of this fatigue (e.g. heart rate variability – HRV as a modern ob-jective method). The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the HRV monitoring could be a complementary diagnostic tool for overreaching / overtraining in young athletes. Already introduced “classical” indicators of HRV, such as spectral performance and its density in the established frequency ranges, are a part of athlete monitoring in the scope of overreaching prevention We were monitoring the heart rate variability parameters at three different phases of the year-long training cycle and to find out whether in one of these phases we could find athletes showing symptoms of overreaching.<br />Methods: 48 young athletes (33 boys 14.8 ± 1.5 years, 15 girls 14.9 ± 1.7 years) were involved in the study, consisting of 38 boys and 10 girls. There were 15 swimmers (with training volume 9x 1.5‒2 hours a week), 12 artistic gymnasts (with training volume 9x 2‒2.5 hours a week) and 21 badminton players (with training volume 4x weekly 1.5‒2 hours a week). Monitoring was carried out in athletes in three training periods: at the end of the transition period, at the end of the prepared period, at the end of the competition period. Measurements were carried out in the morning. The DiANS PF8 system was used to measure the heart rate variability, the measurements were performed at five-minute intervals: lying-standing-lying. Time and spectral parameters of HRV were monitored.<br />Results: Results of HRV in three periods (HR + rMSSD in lying). Boys: HR (61 ± 8, 64 ± 7, 64 ± 8), rMSSD (85 ± 64; 80 ± 54; 88 ± 59), TS (-0.56 ± 1.53; -0.87 ± 1.4; -0.42 ± 1.44). Girls: HR (65 ± 8; 64 ± 7; 65 ± 8), rMSSD (74 ± 37; 79 ± 35; 83 ± 43), TS (-0.58 ± 1.57; -0.72 ± 1.35); -0.18 ± 0.18). Statistically significant differences (at the significance level = 0.05) among sports were found in Kruskal-Walls ANOVAby Ranks: boys in LF-standing, HF standing, FV, SVB and TS; girls in HF-lying, HF-standing, rMSSD, TP-lying, TP-standing, FV, VA and TS. Conclusion: Monitoring of heart rate variability seems to be a practical tool for prevention of overtraining even in young age. To monitor heart rate variability, we recommend monitoring these parameters: RR, rMSSD, VA, SVB, TS.
Klíčová slova
heart rate variability; fatigue; training stress; overreaching; overtraining
Reference
Botek, M., Krejčí, J., & McKune, A. (2017) Variabilita srdeční frekvence v tréninkovém procesu: historie, současnost a perspektiva. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci. https://doi.org/10.5507/ftk.16.24452029
Fortes, L. S., da Costa, B., Paes, P. P., do Nascimento Júnior, J., Fiorese, L., & Ferreira, M. (2017). Influence of Competitive-Anxiety on Heart Rate Variability in Swimmers. Journal of sports science & medicine, 16(4), 498–504.
Kreher, J.B., & Schwartz, J.B. (2012) Overtraining syndrome: a practical guide. Sports Health, 2012 (4), 128-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738111434406
Kreher J. B. (2016). Diagnosis and prevention of overtraining syndrome: an opinion on education strategies. Open access journal of sports medicine, 7, 115–122. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S91657
Mackinnon LT & Hooper SL (2000) Overtraining and overreaching: causes, effects, and prevention. In: Exercise and Sport Science. Garrett W.E. and Kirkendall D.T. (Eds) Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 487‒498
Makivić, B., Djordjević, M., & Wilis, M.S. (2013) Heart rate variability (HRV) as a Tool for Diagnostic and Monitoring Perfomance in Sport and Physical Activities. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online. 16 (3), 103‒131.
Meeusen, R., Duclos, M., Foster, C., Fry, A., Gleeson, M., Nieman, D…Urhausen, A. (2012) Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of the Overtraining Syndrome: Joint Consensus Statment of the European College of SPorts Science and the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise. 2012, 186-205. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318279a10a
Novotný, J., & Novotná, M. (2013) Variabilita srdeční frekvence u dětí vleže a vstoje. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, FSpS.
Raglin, J., Sawamura, S., Aexion, S., Hassmen, P., & Kenttä, G. (2000) Training practices and staleness in 13‒18 year old swimmers: a cross-cultural study. Pediatr Sports Med. 2000 (12), 61‒70. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.12.1.61
Sharma, V. K., Subramanian, S. K., Arunachalam, V., & Rajendran, R. (2015). Heart Rate Variability in Adolescents – Normative Data Stratified by Sex and Physical Activity. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 9(10), CC08–CC13. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2015/15373.6662
Stejskal, P. (2008) Využití hodnocení variability srdeční frekvence ve sportovní medicíně. In K. Javorka et al. (Eds.), Variabilita frekvencie srdca: Mechanizmy, hodnotenie, klinické využitie. 168‒195. Martin: Osveta.
Stejskal, P., Šlachta, R., Elfmark, M., Salinger, J., & Gaul-Aláčová, P. (2002) Spectral analysis of heart rate variability: New evaluation method. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucencis Gymnica, 32 (2), 13‒18
Vacher P, Nicolas M, & Mourot L. Monitoring training response with heart rate variability in elite adolescent athletes: is there a difference between judoka and swimmers? Arch Budo 2016; 12: 35‒42