Page 187 - COFOLA 2023. Část 3 – Sborník příspěvků mladých právníků, doktorandů a právních vědců.

Exekuční a insolvenční právo v kontextu současné doby

order and the costs of the execution, i.e. stopping the finished execution.
The article is a response to the current case law of the Supreme Court
and the Constitutional Court, in which the possibility of stopping a finished
execution is admitted in certain circumstances. The author criticizes this
case law, as well as the reasons that led to its adoption and continue to jus-
tify it. The article draws attention to the absence of a decision terminating
the execution after the fulfilment of its purpose. Author also deals with
the problems related to it, such as the lack of jurisdiction of the bailiff
(incorrectly assumed by the Supreme Court to be subject matter jurisdic-
tion) or the repeated stopping of the same finished execution for different
reasons. An emphasis is placed on the consequence that arises from a series
of procedurally incorrect reasonings and methods. That consequence is the
examination of the substantive correctness of the enforcement title in the
name of protecting the debtor. From author’s point of view the conclusions
of the case law in question must be rejected as incorrect, since it results
from a blatant disregard for the different purposes of the search/discovery
and enforcement proceedings as well as of their respective governing prin-
ciples. Moreover, by permitting a review of the substantive correctness
of the enforcement order within an almost unlimited period of time, the res
judicata of the decision is inadmissibly undermined, with the undesirable
consequence of weakening the principle of legal certainty.
Keywords
Stopping an Execution; Finished Execution; Substantive Review;
Enforcement Order; Res Judicata.

1 Úvod

V posledních letech se v rozhodovací praxi Ústavního soudu a Nejvyššího
soudu četně objevují rozhodnutí z oblasti exekučního práva a zastavování
exekucí . Tato rozhodnutí jsou reakcí soudů zejména na situaci na trhu
1
se spotřebitelskými úvěry poskytovanými nebankovními společnostmi.
Zmíněné společnosti se v postavení oprávněných vůči povinným domáhaly

1 S vědomím dvojkolejnosti právní úpravy výkonu rozhodnutí podle části VI. OSŘ a exe-
kuce podle EŘ jsou pojmy výkonu rozhodnutí a exekuce používány jako synonyma.

185