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    <pre style="white-space:pre-line"><code>Description of the manuscripts:
               A.  Msc.  D  166:  A calamus-written manuscript on Russian handmade paper of higher quality  with
               visible fragmentary water marks (fol. 9, 12,13) with the depiction of a hand holding a bow and arrow
                                       389
               (town emblem of Vyatka).  14 fols. Size: 21.3 × 7.6 cm.
               Palaeographic analysis: A highly professional manuscript in non-administrative style. 1.A. initial b-
               starts with a short pen stroke on the base line. 2.A. 4.1.A. 4.2.Aa. 4.3. bifurcated. 7.1. hook-launched
               č-shaped undistinguished č/j. 8.1. numu – centre of gravity slightly shifts downwards. 8.2.F. 8.3.C.
               10.D. 11.B. with unclear direction of rotation. 13.Bd1 and Be. 14.1.C (rarely D) relatively long čačulγ-
               a with thin endings. 14.2.A with numu bent to the right of the base axis. 17.A. coronet, long boγuni
               segül + closed numu. 18.A.

               B. Msc. E 8: A calamus-written manuscript on Russian machine-made paper of the early period of
               mechanized  paper  production  (without  producer’s  stamp).  10  fols.  Size:  34  ×  11  cm.  General
               appearance of the script resembles dated manuscripts of the 1860s.
               Palaeographic analysis: Rotating elements characterized by excessive dimension (especially initial q/γ-,
               initial d/t-). 1.B. 2.A. 3.D. 4.1.C. only after k/g- and b-. 4.3. bifurcated. 5.C. partially constricted. 7.1.
               č-shaped medial undistinguished č/j. Transitional form between 8.2.F./8.2.G. 8.3. mostly C. 10.B. very
               large size. 13.Bd1. 14.1.D. hook-ended, but rather short. 14.2.C. 16. qoyar čeg used also in syllable
               ending cases. 17.B. with rather long boγuni segül.

               Synoptic transcription and translation:
               This chapter contains a comparative transcription and translation of two longer manuscripts of the fire
               worship ritual.

               Msc. D 166 [1r] γal-un burqan-i¦ takiqui-yin yosun¦ orušiba:: ::
               Msc. E 8 [1r] γal-un sudur orusiba:: : ::¦ takiqu yosu jang bürün en-e bui:: ¦
               A (Msc. D 166): The Rules of Offering to the Fire Deity
               B (Msc. E 8): The Fire Sutra. The Rules and Rites of Offerings are Entirely Included.

               A: [1v] γal-un burqan-i takiqui yosun kemebesü¦ erte čaγ-tu qamuγ-i ejeleküi jad¦ neretü qaγan-u ulus-
               dur eldeb¦ maγu yirv-a ebečin taqul jud turqan¦ kelen aman kiged: čaγ busu-yin kii¦ qoura ba: ači üre-
               yin  ayul  kiged:¦  dayisun  mese  degermen  qulaγai-yin  ayul¦  qaγan-u  jasaγ  ba:  nutuγ  usun¦  ülü  tokin
               kijigen bolun: öbere¦ jaγuraban ülü jokilduqui ba:¦ qudulda ariljiy-a ülü güin ed¦ mal ülü arbijiqui kiged:
               kereg-üd¦ ülü bütün: orun saγudal sedkil¦ sanaγan ülü amurliqui ba: qobači¦ qaγurmači-yin üge yabudal
                     390
               oladan :¦ öljei qutuγ ülü orušin: törü¦ šajin amur-ügei boluγsan-dur [2r]¦
               B: [1v] γal-un burqan-i takiqu-yin yosun keme=¦besü: erte čaγ-tur qamuγ-yi ejelegči¦ jid neretü qaγan-
               u ulus-tur eldeb jüil¦ maγu irv-a ebečin taqul jud turaqan kele¦ ama kiged čaγ busu-yin kii qura ba ergi¦
               nuraqu-yin  ayul  kiged:  qaγan-u  jasaγ  ba¦  nutuγ  usu  ülü  tokin:  kerken  büli  öber¦  jaγura-ban  ülü
               jokilduqu-ban: qudaldun  [?]¦  ariljilγ-a  ülü  güyün:  ed  mal  ülü  arbidqu¦  kiged:  kerig ülü  bütün:  orun
               saγudal sedkil¦ sanaγ-a ülü amuqu ba: qaγuramaγ-un üge olu=¦dan: öljei qutuγ ülü orusin: törü šasin¦
               amur ügei boluγsan-tur:
               A: If we discuss the rules of offerings to the fire deity (burqan), in ancient times, in the land of an all-
               ruling  ruler  named  Jad  various  evil  signs  appeared,  such  as  threats  of  disease,  epidemics,  natural
               calamities, slander, unexpected windstorms, harm and danger to children, danger of enemies, weapons
               and robbery. The royal government and natural conditions ceased to favour the people, people ceased
               to get along well, commerce and financial transactions were interrupted, goods and cattle ceased to
               multiply, affairs ceased to prosper, people lost physical and mental peace, deceptive speech multiplied,
               good fortune disappeared, and the social order was disrupted.
               B: If we discuss the rules of offerings to the fire deity (burqan), in ancient times, in the land of an all-
               powerful ruler named Jid various evil signs appeared, such as threats of disease, epidemics, natural


               389  The paper most probably comes from the factory of Filat Mikhailovich Ryazantsev, who founded his paper
               mill in 1784 and surviving papers from his factory bear watermark datings starting in 1786 (Есипова 2005: 107,
               Срба 2019: 113).
               390  Stand. writing: olatun.

                                                           137</code></pre>
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