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    <pre style="white-space:pre-line"><code>2 Constitutional and Statutory Safeguards of Telecommunications

            In  the  first  case,  specific  protective  tools  are  correspondingly  based
            on the general protection of property laid down in Art. 11(1), whichreads
            as follows: “Everybody has the right to own property. The ownership right of  all owners
            has the same statutory content and enjoys the same protection, inheritance is guaranteed.”
            The latter case, i.e. the  protection of  data stored in  information systems,
            is based on fundamental rights protecting specific types of data. Apart from
            the protection of privacy and personal data, these might include, e.g. the pro-
            tection of trade secrets, health records, speech, etc.
            The issue of confidentiality and the integrity of information systems is also
            closely linked to  the  active  component of  the  concept  of  informational
            self-determination  (see  below).  Recently  the  protection of  informational
            self-determination  has  served as  a  constitutional  basis for the  adoption
            of  the  Cybersecurity  Act,  which is  primarily  aimed at  the  establishing
                                   44
            of security measures for the protection of the confidentiality, security, and
            availability of critical information infrastructure. 45
            The term ‘privacy’ is used in the Czech law in two main meanings of the word.
            One of them serves as general constitutional principle. Another meaning
            of the term ‘privacy’ (soukromi) is primarily found in the Civil Code and
            it establishes civil remedies for cases of infringement.
            In the Czech civil law, privacy protection has been systematically included into
            a more general category of personality protection (apart from privacy, per-
            sonality protection also includes the protection of dignity, esteem etc.). When
            used as a regulatory principle (typically in personal data protection law, the law
            of electronic communications, criminal procedural law etc.), privacy is gener-
            ally replaced by a more general term “the right to respect for private life.”
            The German concept of informational self-determination was adopted into
            Czech law through decisions of the Czech Constitutional Court.  It has
                                                                     46

            44   Act  No.  181/2014  Sb.,  English translation available at  https:// www.govcert  .
                cz/ download/nodeid-1143/.
            45   For a more specific analysis of the Czech cybersecurity legal regulatory framework, see
                Polčák, R. Kybernetická bezpečnost jako fenomén českého práva, Revue pro právo a tech-
                nologie, 2015, Vol. 11, No. 11, pp. 95-149.
            46   For a detailed explanation of the concept, see Schwartz, P. The Computer in German
                and American Constitutional Law: Towards an American Right of Informational Self-
                Determination, 1989, American Journal of  Comparative Law, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 675-701.


                                                                         33</code></pre>
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