﻿<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, height=device-height, initial-scale=0.5, minimum-scale=0.5, user-scalable=yes, maximum-scale=2.0, target-densitydpi=device-dpi" />
				<meta name="robots" content="all"/>
        <meta name="description" content="description">
        <meta name="keywords" content="">
        <title>Page 11 - Mongolian Ritual Texts in Manuscript Collections in the Czech Republic</title>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body {
	margin-left: 0px;
	margin-top: 0px;
	margin-right: 0px;
	margin-bottom: 0px;
}
  
#container {margin:50px auto;padding:0px;width:910px;}
#left-button{ width:90px; height:100%;float:left }
#middle{ width:730px; margin:0px; float: left;}
#right-button{ width:90px; float:left;}
html, body, div, ul, li, dl, dt, dd, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, form, input, dd,select, button, textarea, iframe, table, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
img { border: 0 none; displayblock}
span,ul,li,image{ padding:0px; margin:0px; list-style:none;}
#top-title{ width:714px; margin-bottom:10px; float:left; padding:0px 8px}
#top-title2{ width:320px;  float:right;}
#content{ width: 730px; float:left;float:left;word-wrap: break-word;}
#content-top{ width:730px; background-image:url(images/top_bg.jpg); height:56px; background-repeat:no-repeat; float:left;}
#content-top1{ width:70%; padding:16px 0px 0px 30px; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:24px; color:#636363;float:left;}
#content-top2{ width:60px; float:right; padding:25px 30px 0px 0px;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:11px; color:#2f2f2f; font-weight:bold; text-align:right}
#content-middle{ width:730px; background-image:url(images/middle_bg.jpg); background-repeat:repeat-y;float:left;}
#content-middle1{ width:475px; padding:25px 0px 25px 35px; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:12px; color:#636363; line-height:150%;float:left;}
#content-middle2{  padding:7px; float:right; margin:25px 35px 0px 0px; border:solid 1px #c8c8c9; background-color:#FFF; text-align:center}
#content-bottom{ width:730px; background-image:url(images/bottom_bg.jpg); background-repeat:no-repeat; height:58px;float:left;}
#content-bottom2{ width:110px; height:42px; margin:0px auto; padding-top:4px;}
#input{ width:58px; height:20px; background-color:#FFF; border:solid 1px #dfdfe0; color:#636363; text-align:center; font-size:11px;}
.font1{ font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:10px; color:#2f2f2f;}
.font1 a:link{
	text-decoration: none;
    color:#2f2f2f;

}
.font1 a:visited{
	text-decoration: none;
    color:#2f2f2f;
	
}
.font1 a:hover{
	color: #2f2f2f;
	text-decoration: underline;

}



.text-container {
padding: 20px;
color: #333;
margin-top: 24px;
line-height: 22px;
border-top-left-radius: 3px;
border-top-right-radius: 3px;
}

.use-as-video {
float: right;
padding-left: 20px;
}
.cc-float-fix:before, .cc-float-fix:after {
content: "";
line-height: 0;
height: 0;
width: 0;
display: block;
visibility: hidden;
}
.use-as-video-img {
cursor: pointer;
position: relative;
width: 320px;
height: 180px;
}
.use-as-video-title {
font-size: 15px;
font-weight: bold;
color: #000000;
padding-bottom: 5px;
}
-->
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--
function MM_preloadImages() { //v3.0
  var d=document; if(d.images){ if(!d.MM_p) d.MM_p=new Array();
    var i,j=d.MM_p.length,a=MM_preloadImages.arguments; for(i=0; i<a.length; i++)
    if (a[i].indexOf("#")!=0){ d.MM_p[j]=new Image; d.MM_p[j++].src=a[i];}}
}

function MM_swapImgRestore() { //v3.0
  var i,x,a=document.MM_sr; for(i=0;a&&i<a.length&&(x=a[i])&&x.oSrc;i++) x.src=x.oSrc;
}

function MM_findObj(n, d) { //v4.01
  var p,i,x;  if(!d) d=document; if((p=n.indexOf("?"))>0&&parent.frames.length) {
    d=parent.frames[n.substring(p+1)].document; n=n.substring(0,p);}
  if(!(x=d[n])&&d.all) x=d.all[n]; for (i=0;!x&&i<d.forms.length;i++) x=d.forms[i][n];
  for(i=0;!x&&d.layers&&i<d.layers.length;i++) x=MM_findObj(n,d.layers[i].document);
  if(!x && d.getElementById) x=d.getElementById(n); return x;
}

function MM_swapImage() { //v3.0
  var i,j=0,x,a=MM_swapImage.arguments; document.MM_sr=new Array; for(i=0;i<(a.length-2);i+=3)
   if ((x=MM_findObj(a[i]))!=null){document.MM_sr[j++]=x; if(!x.oSrc) x.oSrc=x.src; x.src=a[i+2];}
}
//-->
</script>
</head>

<body onload="MM_preloadImages('images/next2.png','images/previous2.png')">
<div id="container">
<div id="left-button">
  <p>&nbsp;</p>
  <p>&nbsp;</p>
  <p>&nbsp;</p>
  <p>&nbsp;</p>
  <p>&nbsp;</p>
  <p><a href="page10.html"><img src="images/previous_big.png" width="90" height="80" /></a></p>
</div>
<div id="middle">
  <div id="top-title"><span class="font1">Basic HTML Version</span>
    <div id="top-title2">
      <table width="100%" border="0" align="right" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
        <tr>
        	<td width="66%"> </td>
          <td width="35%" style="display:none" align="right"><img src="images/content.png" width="19" height="16" /></td>
          <td width="31%" style="display:none" class="font1"><a href="">Table of Contents</a></td>
          <td width="6%"><img src="images/view.png" width="19" height="16" /></td>
          <td width="28%" class="font1"><a href="../../index.html#p=11">View Full Version</a></td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div id="content">
     <div id="content-top">
        <div id="content-top1">Page 11 - Mongolian Ritual Texts in Manuscript Collections in the Czech Republic</div>
        <div id="content-top2">P. 11</div>
     </div>
     <div id="content-middle">
     	
     	  <div class="text-container">
    <div class="use-as-video cc-float-fix">
      <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="../../index.html#p=11"><img src="../thumb/11.jpg" /></a>
    </div>

    <p class="use-as-video-title"></p>
    <pre style="white-space:pre-line"><code>Preface

               The objective of the present book is to publish the first comprehensive edition of Mongolian ritual
               manuscripts preserved in Czech collections. Mongolian ritual manuscripts represent a direct source
               and unique heritage of Inner Asian religious traditions characterized by a unique syncretism of several
               systems: Mongolian and Tibetan Buddhism, Inner Asian Shamanism, Chinese popular religion and
               further traditions and concepts. The edition corresponds to an increasing scholarly interest in the ritual
               texts and traditions of the Mongolian Buddhism in the last decades and intends not only publish, but
               also  contextualize  the  texts  neglected  during  the  socialist  period,  secretly  preserved  and  used
               throughout the decades of antireligious polities to be only partially revived since the 1990s. In parts of
               the  book,  the  textological  and  philological  work  is  contextualized  by  the  experience  of  own  field
               research done since the 2010s in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia.
                     The most important categories of represented ritual texts include offering rituals to local deities
               (non-site specific and site specific from various parts of the Khalkha area) and rituals of the (hearth)
               fire  worship  and  the  White  Old  Man,  which  continuously  attire  interest  in  the  Mongolian  studies.
               Three manuscript versions enrich the limited extant corpus of manuscript version of the highly archaic
               Offering  of  the  Fox.  One  manuscript  provides  a  ritual  manual  to  seter  practice  (Tib.  tshe  thar),
               consecration  of  cattle  to  local  deities  and  spirits,  in  textual  form  only  scarcely  attested  among
               Mongolian  manuscripts.  The  crucial  cult  of  Heaven  (Möngke  tngri)  is  represented  by  prayers
               addressing  Heaven  and  Earth.  Another  group  of  texts  is  formed  by  instructions  and  manuals  for
               healing livestock, protecting herds, promoting fertility, and attracting good fortune in the hunt. On the
               outskirts of the genre of ritual texts stay various individual prayers, invocations, penitential texts, and
               texts of religious songs (mani kögjigekü).
                     Due to the vast amount of material, this edition is far from exhaustive. After we significantly
               exceeded the planned length of the book during its preparation, it became clear that part of the material
               should be kept for another volume that will be published in the future. Even so, the included genres
               adequately represent the thematic and functional variety of Mongolian ritual texts. Left for the next
               volume  were  for  example  texts  for  ensuring  prosperity  and  purification  including  the  fundamental
               Mongolian concepts of vital energy (keimori) and protecting genius ensuring fortune (sülde).
                     The book is publishing for the first time Mongolian ritual manuscripts from Czech collections
               (Charles and Masaryk Universities, private collections). Although some of the ritual text categories
               have been published earlier in Europe using sources from other collections or more recently also in
               Mongolia in Mongolian editions, this proposed edition brings different versions of the texts generally
               valuable  for  comparative  purposes,  but  many  of  them  unique  and  appearing  for  the  first  time.
               Differently from previous works, the book contains examples of all main types of Mongolian popular
               written ritual  texts  in  both  transcription  and  English  translation.  In  comparison:  previous  books  of
               scholars  like  Damdinsüren  (1959),  Rintchen  (1959–1975)  and  Heissig  (1966)  included  only
               Mongolian  texts  without translation.  The  recent  excellent  collection  of Mongolian Buddhist  source
               texts  (Wallace  2020b)  containing  among  others  the  most  representative  examples  of  ritual  texts
               provides mostly the English translations without original versions.
                     The present volume is organized in three basic sections – Introductory part, Textual part and
               Supplements.
                     The “Introductory part” brings a brief overview of the issue of Mongolian ritual texts circulated
               traditionally  mostly  in  the  extramonastic  milieu  (of  course,  without  a  clear  boundary  between  the
               monastic  and  “popular”  milieu).  This  part  describes  typological  and  genre  differences  within  the
               corpus. It provides overview of the history of this issue in the field of the Mongolian studies giving a
               special  attention  to  the  currently  questioned  discourse  trying  to  distinguish  shamanistic  texts  or
               shamanistic elements in the ritual texts and separate them from the “later” Buddhist impact. Another
               subchapter deals with the scholarly attitude to this group of texts in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia,
               where only recently the ritual texts  seem to be approaching the boundaries of the classical  literary
               canon established during the 20  century. A special attention – particularly of the Western scholars –
                                            th
               is attracted by the fact, why the texts are in Mongolian, although the need to understand them is rarely
               emphasized during their performance. The following subchapter brings a few remarks on the relation
               between the texts and rituals supported by the personal experience from the fieldwork in contemporary
               Mongolia, where the ritual acting outside the monastic environment frequently needs to cope with the


                                                            9</code></pre>
     	</div>
    
     </div>
     <div id="content-bottom">
       <div id="content-bottom2">
         <table width="110" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
           <tr>
             <td width="22%" height="44"><a href="page10.html"><img src="images/previous.png" width="26" height="19" id="Image2" onmouseover="MM_swapImage('Image2','','images/previous2.png',1)" onmouseout="MM_swapImgRestore()" /></a></td>
             <td width="43%">
             	&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="page6.html">6</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="page7.html">7</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="page8.html">8</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="page9.html">9</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="page10.html">10</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="page11.html">11</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="page12.html">12</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="page13.html">13</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="page14.html">14</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="page15.html">15</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="page16.html">16</a>
             </td>
             <td width="35%"><a href="page12.html"><img src="images/next.png" width="26" height="19" id="Image1" onmouseover="MM_swapImage('Image1','','images/next2.png',1)" onmouseout="MM_swapImgRestore()" /></a></td>
           </tr>
         </table>
       </div>
     </div>
  </div>
</div>
<div id="right-button">
  <p>&nbsp;</p>
  <p>&nbsp;</p>
  <p>&nbsp;</p>
  <p>&nbsp;</p>
  <p>&nbsp;</p>
  <p><a href="page12.html"><img src="images/next_big.png" width="90" height="80" /></a></p>
</div>


</div>

</body>
</html>
