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    <pre style="white-space:pre-line"><code>is an essential, unconditional and unproblematic fact. To be faithful to   20  The Czech national opera The Bar-
       nature simply means being faithful to yourself.                tered Bride portrays various forms of
                                                                      faithfulness and deception. Mařenka
        However, the sociological aspect of this book is more complex.   is thought to have been betrayed,
       Faithfulness is not a state of mind; it is a way of behaving, an action,   but this is then shown to be untrue.
       which was one of the basic chivalric virtues. As often happens as a re-  Although the cleverness with which
                                                                      Jeník defeats the marriage broker,
       sult of the scepticism within Western culture, faithfulness provoked   Kecal, and the heavy stutterer, Vašek,
       ridicule. One famous image of absurd faithfulness is The Ingenious   might be  understood as  an  expres-
       Gentleman Don Quixote of la Mancha. Elsewhere, in contrast to overly   sion of the questionable morality of
                                                                      Czechs, it is clear that Vašek, who has
       positive and serious heroes, the sympathy of the readers and audienc-  been deceived, is the preferred son of
       es of comedies is gained by the cunning, dirty tricks of swindlers who   the rich farmer, Mícha. It is not about
                                                                      a betrayal of trust; it is not about a dou-
       quickly adapt to trying circumstances. But it is a strange form of cun-  ble-cross: Vašek expects nothing from
       ning; a cunning when dealing with authorities and the clumsy oafs in   Jeník. At the end, the chorus celebrates
                                                                      faithfulness. “A  good thing has hap-
       power. Despite these and other forms of relativization, there remains
                                                                      pened; faithful love has conquered.”
       a dreadful betrayal of trusting partners, children, lovers and friends,
                                                                      21  The term ‘loyalty’ has historical
                                    20
       in short, of defenceless creatures.  We can already see an ambivalent   roots. It was linked to the feudal sys-
       attitude towards faithfulness in ancient culture. The Greek hero Odys-  tem, it did not mean faithfulness as
       seus dealt with precarious situations using a cunning which we would   a  virtue deriving from love, but the
                                                                      result of rational thinking; loyalty was
       today term as selﬁsh. The elegant ﬁckleness and unpredictability of   carrying out a serf’s duty.
       the Greek gods, typical of Zeus himself, contrasts with the Covenant
                                                                      22  ‘Love’, like ‘faithfulness’, has been
       of the Lord, which was concluded with the Jewish people. The biblical   devalued in a strange way. Due to its
       texts speak of faithfulness as constancy and permanence with a kind   emotional character, it is absent from
       of urgency and free of any metaphorical encoding which is otherwise   the environmental discourse. Howev-
       common in the Scriptures. Here faithfulness is not understood as ra-  er, we come across a ‘love of nature’
                                                                      relatively frequently. We shall return
       tional or as a beneﬁt derived from loyalty,  it is connected to mercy.  to it in Chapter III.1. on the environ-
                                           21
        “I do not conceal your love and your faithfulness from the great as-  mental grief of female scientists.
       sembly” (Psalm 40:11).
        “All the paths of the Lord are love and faithfulness, for those who
       keep his covenant and his testimonies” (Psalm 25:10).
                                                                  PK
        Leaving aside those blinkered scientists who use intellectualization
       to trivialize environmental damage, most Europeans agree that nature
       today is weak and facing destruction. In our culture, chivalric ideals
       and the Christian emphasis on mercy provide one reason why we
       should remain faithful to nature. Matt Ferkany (2011) talks about pity
       as being part of environmental virtues. MK
        In nature, however, a faithful self-sacriﬁcing feeling for others is not
       an all-encompassing ascetic universal altruism which derives from
       burdensome self-denial. In our personal relationships we are able to
                                                         22
       display self-sacriﬁce, above all, towards those who we love,  or to put it
       more mildly, towards those we are fond of – another biblical word. The
       hidden premise of love is the idea that the object of our faithfulness






       26</code></pre>
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