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    <pre style="white-space:pre-line"><code>good in the landscape and what is not right  Such
               objects and phenomena are called physiognom-
               ic  Some information about “invisible” objects and
               phenomena is provided by the landscape indirectly
               through physiognomic objects and phenomena
               Hidden objects and phenomena are called decipi-
               ents  Their manifestations are “visualized” through
               indicators  It does not have to be a landscape close
               to nature; on the contrary, a “normal” rural or urban
               landscape as well as a technical landscape  There is
               also human activity everywhere, which may or may
               not be in harmony with the development of the
               landscape  Reading the landscape gives us a better
               insight into its further use and planning changes in
               the landscape in accordance with sustainable devel-  Fig. 5: Place with genius loci
                                                              Source: https://www drobnepamatky cz/node/2506
               opment  For school purposes, the point is that we do
               not have to look for any special types of landscapes
               for this activity, but on the contrary, we learn to read   Genius loci is therefore the spirit of the place  It
               the landscape that surrounds us                includes positive and negative perceptions of the
                 For this purpose, we will first define suitable  landscape  It is often the reason why we return to
               landscape elements and then we will observe and  a certain place repeatedly  Places with genius loci
               identify the indicators in the landscape, which will  can be, for example, castles, chateaux, battlefields,
               help us clarify in which direction the landscape has  cemeteries, the Passion of the Christ, monuments,
               developed and how we can correct its further de-  water areas or industrial architecture
               velopment  We use the term landscape element in
               connection with the secondary landscape struc-   The visual axis is an important line inside the de-
                                            2
               ture, which creates sets of man -made natural and  velopment, which could have arisen from historical
               partially or completely altered dynamic systems, as  development or was intentionally established  It can
               well as newly created artificial elements (RŮŽIČKA,  connect parts of the city, but it does not have to lead
               RUŽIČKOVÁ, 1973)                               to important destinations in the landscape  4


               Examples of landscape elements
               (Processed according to L. Peřinová)
                 Pojmy: Place with genius loci, visual axis, landscape
               dominants, axis in the landscape, e g : road, visual
               barrier, neglected place

                 The atmosphere or spirit of the place (genius loci)
               tells us how the place is perceived by ourselves, while
               we do not have to be physically present at the place
               Decisive for its understanding is the subjective per-
               ception, which arises from a combination of intel-
               lectual and emotional stimuli, conscious and un-
               conscious  Genius loci is coloured by the values and   Fig. 6: Visual axis  Source: https://www czechdesign cz/
               experiences with which it is connected  3      files/62361-namesti-bez-kola jpg

               2   The primary landscape structure consists of landscape   3   ČABLOVÁ, Markéta  Prostory: průvodce tvorbou a obnovou
                  components  Among the landscape components, we include   veřejných prostranství  1  ed  Brno: Partnerství, 2013, 123 p
                  abiotic elements of the geosystem, such as geological
                  foundation and geological substrate, soils, relief, water, and air    4   A significant, historical, or intentionally established line
                  Original vegetation also belongs here, but it is very improbable   within a building development or urban area, concentrating
                  to find it in our country as of now (cf  Milklós & Izakovičová,   functional activities and spatial sensations  Composition axes
                  1997, p  29)  The landscape components are then overlapped   may connect parts of the city, they may or may not lead to
                  by landscape elements in the current landscape  In short, the   important intended destinations (nodes) in the urban structure
                  indicators help us to determine which landscaping processes   or landscape (the destination may also be a significant natural
                  happened and which are still in the process  (Textbook of   formation)  HEXNER, Michal  Územně analytické podklady
                  landscape ecology: http://www uake cz/vyukove_ materialy/   hlavního města Prahy  Téma 11 15  Kompoziční osy a průhledy
                  frvs1269/index html)                           [online]  Praha, 2007, 38 p  [cit  2014-09-23]  Available from:
                                                                 Kompoziční osy a průhledy


               |   84</code></pre>
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