var textForPages = ["Doležalová170x240.indd   1                                                                                                                                                               11.11.2014   2:55:29","Politický cyklus a fiskální politika:                      význam jejich vztahu pro hospodářskou politiku                                                         Jitka Doležalová","Recenzovali:             prof. Ing. Milan Žák, CSc.             doc. Ing. Šárka Laboutková, Ph.D.                                   Všechna práva vyhrazena. Žádná část této elektronické knihy nesmí              být reprodukována nebo šířena v papírové, elektronické či jiné podobě              bez předchozího písemného souhlasu vykonavatele majetkových práv              k dílu, kterého je možno kontaktovat na adrese – Nakladatelství              Masarykovy univerzity, Žerotínovo náměstí 9, 601 77 Brno.","Politický cyklus a fiskální politika:                  význam jejich vztahu pro hospodářskou politiku                                                                   Jitka Doležalová                                                                                                 Masarykova univerzita                                                                                     Brno                                                                                      2014","PXEOLNDFH Y]QLNOD GtN\\ SRGSRĜH ]H VSHFLILFNêFK Yê]NXPĤ Ä9\\EUDQp DVSHk-                W\\ LQVWLWXFLRQiOQtKR SURVWĜHGt  9$6,3 ³  MUNI/A/ 0912/2010   Ä9\\EUaQp                DVSHNW\\ LQVWLWXFLRQiOQtKR SURVWĜHGt ,,  9$6,3 ³  081, $                a Ä+RVSRGiĜVNi SROLWLND Y ý5³  081, $            QD NDWHGĜH HNRQoPLH                (NRQRPLFNR-VSUiYQt IDNXOW\\ 0DVDU\\NRY\\ XQLYHU]LW\\ Y OHWHFK     –2013                                Citace:                '2/(ä$/29È  -LWND  Politický cyklus a fiskální politika: význam jejich                Y]WDKX SUR KRVSRGiĜVNRX SROLWLNX  %UQR  0DVDU\\NRYD XQLYHU]LWD                ,6%1    - 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                                                (2.5)                     3UHIHURYDQi YêãH ]GDQČQt ]iYLVt QD LGHRORJLL SROLWLND  5HDOL]RYDQi YêãH                YeĜHMQêFK YêGDMĤ MH URYQD                                                                                      (2.6)                    Alt and /DVVHQ        SĜHGSRNOiGDMt  åH VH YH YROHEQtP URFH QDFKi]t                X PRFL Solitik A  ÒURYHĖ ]GDQČQt D PQRåVWYt YHĜHMQêFK VWDWNĤ  NWHUp YROLþL                ]D MHKR YOiG\\ RþeNiYDMt Y SRYROHEQtP REGREt  MH Y\\MiGĜHQD MDNR                                                                                              (2.7)                     9ROLþ  EXGH  SĜL  SĜLGČOHQt  VYpKR  YROHEQtKR  KODVX  SUHIHURYDW  SROLWLND  A                SĜHG SROLWLNHP B  SoNXG                                                                                                           (2.8)                    7HQWR Y]WDK O]H SRGUREQČML UR]HSVDW MDNR                                                           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SROLWLN\\                   \&tOHP SROLWLND A MH ]YtWČ]LW YH YROEiFK  3ROLWLk A PĤåH Y\\SRþtWDW RþHNi                YDQêFK SRþHW YROHEQtFK KODVĤ  NWHUp ]tVNi MDNR                                                                                                                                 2.11)                                                        i                                                 i                                   m                Y  URYQLFL   2      MH  Ȗ   Y\\MiGĜHQtP  Ȗ   SUR  Į =1   WM   MHGQi  VH  R  ]LVk  XåLWNX                VWĜHGQtKR YROLþH  NWHUê PX SĜLQiãt XSĜHGQRVWQČQt YROHEQtKR SURJUDPX SROi-                tika  B  SĜHG  SROLWLNHP  A   3RNXG  SROLWLFL  GLVSRQXMt  VWHMQêPL  VFKRSQRVWPL                a QDYUKXMt YROHEQt SURJUDP\\ LQGLIHUHQWQt YĤþL VWĜHGQtPX YROLþL  PĤåH SROi-                tik A RþHNiYDW  åH REGUåt SUiYČ SRORYLQX YROHEQtFK KODVĤ  1HVFKRSQRVW Yo-                OLþĤ SR]RUoYDW VNXWHþQRX NRPSHWHQWQRVW SROLWLNĤ YãDk RWHYtUi SURVWRU SUR     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NOHVDOR  WHPSR                UĤVWX SĜtMPĤ z GDQt z SĜtMPX I\\]LFNêFK RVRE Y ]HPtFK VWĜHGQt (YURS\\ ]D                YOiG LGHRORJLFN\\ VPtãHQêFK SROLWLFNêFK VWUDQ  V SĜtSDGČ ]HPt VWĜHGQt (Y                URS\\ MH YãDk QXWQp GRGDW  åH åiGQê z PRGHOĤ XYHGHQêFK Y WDEXOFH     D Wa-                EXONiFK   –   Y 3ĜtOR]H QHE\\O MDNR FHOHk VWDWLVWLcN\\ Yý]QDPQê                   'DOãt SURFHV Ä]SĜHVQČQt³ QD SR]LFL Y\\VYČWORYDQp SURPČQQp PRGHOX  NWe-                URX Q\\Qt SĜHGVWDYRYDO\\ SĜtMP\\ z GDQt z SĜtMPX I\\]LFNêFK RVRE  SĜLQHVO Qi                VOHGXMtFt SR]QDWN\\  6WDWLVWLFN\\ Yê]QDPQê SRNOHV WHPSD UĤVWX SĜtMPĤ z GDQt                z SĜtMPX I\\]LFNêFK RVRE E\\O ]D]QDPHQiQ SRX]H X VWDUãtFK þOHQVNêFK ]HPt                (YURSVNp XQLH  %Hz GDOãt VSHFLILNDFH PRGHOX E\\ E\\O WHQWR YêVOHGHN Y VRX                ODGX V SĜHGSRNODG\\ %UHQGHU DQG 'UD]HQ         5R]GČOHQt YOiG SRGOH MHMLFK                LGHRORJLFNp RULHQWDFH YãDk QDYtF RGKDOLOR  åH ]D WtPWR YêVOHGNHP VWiO\\ So-            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Yê]QDPQê  UHJUHVQt NRHILFLHQW  PH]HU\\  YêVWXSX                 gap it   1D MHMLFK EHGUD VH URYQČå SĜHVXQXO NODGQê YOLY RWHYĜHQRVWL HNRQo-                PLN\\ QD YêEČU GDQt ]D]QDPHQDQê Y SUYQtP VORXSFL WDEXON\\      8 QRYêFK                þOHQVNêFK ]HPt VH YH VKRGČ V SĜHGFKi]HMtFtPL PRGHO\\ Soliticko-UR]SRþWR-                YpKR F\\NOX REMHYLOR NODGQp ]QDPpQNR D VWDWLVWLFNi Yê]QDPQRVW X UHJUHVQt                KR  NRHILFLHQWX  PH]HU\\  YêVWXSX   gap it    5HJUHVQt  NRHILFLHQW  YROHEQt  SUo-                PČQQp  elec it  ]ĤVWDO X YãHFK VNXSLQ ]HPt EHz VWaWLVWLFNp Yê]QDPQRVWL  1D                WČFKWR YêVOHGFtFK VH QLF QH]PČQLOR DQL SR Y\\ORXþHQt SĜHGþDVQêFK YROHE ]H                VRXERUX SR]RURYiQt  YLz WDE     Y 3ĜtOo]H                   3RNXG  YVWRXSLOD  GR  RGKDGRYDQpKR  PRGHOX  LGHRORJLH  YOiG   VWDO  VH  Ue-                JUHVQt NRHILFLHQW YROHEQt SURPČQQp  elec it  X LGHRORJLFN\\ VPtãHQêFK YOiG                VWDUãtFK þOHQVNêFK ]HPt (YURSVNp XQLH ]iSRUQêP D VWDWLVWLFN\\ 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   'RVDåHQp P-KRGQRW\\ )-WHVWX Y WDEXOFH     D WDEXONiFK   –21 Y 3ĜtORze                YãDk VLJQDOL]XMt  åH RGKDGRYDQp PRGHO\\  V Y\\VYČWORYDQRX SURPČQQRX SĜt                MPĤ z GDQČ z SĜtMPĤ SUiYQLFNêFK RVRE E\\O\\ MDNR FHOHk VWDWLVWLFN\\ Yý]QDPQp                SRX]H SUR QRYp þOHQVNp ]HPČ (YURSVNp XQLH  V SĜtSDGČ RVWDWQtFK VNXSLQ                ]HPt QHY\\VYČWOLO\\ ]YoOHQp SURPČQQp GRVWDWHþQê SRGtO z FHONRYpKR NROtViQt                Y\\VYČWORYDQp SURPČQQp  =D UHOHYDQWQt WHG\\ PRKRX EêW SRYDåRYiQ\\ SRX]H                W\\ YêVOHGN\\  NWHUp SRXNi]DO\\ QD ]YêãHQt WHPSD UĤVWX SĜtMPĤ z GDQt z SĜtMPX                SUiYQLFNêFK RVRE X OHYLFRYêFK YOiG Y QRYêFK þOHQVNêFK ]HPtFK (YURSVNp                XQLH                  3.4.1.5  SKUQXWt                 1iSOQt WpWR þiVWL SUiFH E\\OR HPSLULFN\\ RYČĜLW  ]GD GRFKi]HOR Y ]HPtFK (Y                URSVNp  XQLH  Y  OHWHFK  NRQiQt  SDUODPHQWQtFK  YROHE  RSDNRYDQČ  k  SRNOHVX                WHPSD  UĤVWX  SĜtMPĤ  VWiWQtFK  UR]SRþWĤ   1D  SR]LFL  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  0H]L  EČåQêPL  YêGDML                a SRþWHP GČWt GR YČNX ãHVWL OHW X QLFK H[LVWRYDO LQYHU]Qt Y]WDK  WM  SĜHVWRåH                VH SRþHW GČWt  ]Y\\ãRYDO SRPDOHMãtP  WHPSHP  þL  GRNRQFH NOHVDO   QiURN\\  QD                YHĜHMQp YýGDMH GiOH URVWO\\                   3RNXG E\\O\\ YH Y]RUNX SR]RURYiQt SRQHFKiQ\\ SRX]H ĜiGQp SDUOaPHQWQt                YROE\\   YLz  WDE       Y  3ĜtOR]H   QD  VLOQp VWDWLVWLFNp Yê]QDPQRVWL  UHJUHVQtFK                NRHILFLHQWĤ YROHEQt SURPČQQp  elec it  VH X ]NRXPDQêFK VNXSLQ ]HPt Y So-                URYQiQt V WDEXONRX     QLF QH]PČQLOR  -LQak ĜHþHQR  ]tVNDQp YêVOHGN\\ VYČd-                þLO\\ R WHQGHQFL YOiG ]QHXåtYDW YHĜHMQp YêGDMH k YROHEQtP ~þHOĤP EHz RKOe-                GX QD WR  ]GD E\\O\\ SDUODPHQWQt YROE\\ Y\\KOiãHQ\\ Y ĜiGQpP þL SĜHGþDVQpP                WHUPtQX  YLz WDE     D    Y 3ĜtOR]H","114 POLITICKÝ CYKLUS A FISKÁLNÍ POLITIKA                              7DEXOND 3.7: 2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& s EČåQêPL YêGDML VWiWQtFK UR]SRþWĤ MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX SURPČQQRX                                                                                                               =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\","Vé6/('.< (03,5,\&.e $1YLÝZY POLITICKO-52=32ý729e+2 \&<./8                    6SHFLILNDFH LGHRORJLH MHGQRWOLYêFK YOiG ]HPt (YURSVNp XQLH QDEtGOD Mi-                Qê ~KHO SRKOHGX QD ]tVNDQp YêVOHGN\\ PRGHOĤ  6WHMQČ MDNR Y RGKDGX  NWHUê                E\\O SUoYHGHQ SRGOH URYQLFH        E\\O UHJUHVQt NRHILFLHQW YROHEQt SURPČQQp                 elec it  VWDWLVWLFN\\ Yê]QDPQê X OHYLFRYêFK YOiG YãHFK ]NRXPDQêFK VNXSLQ                ]HPt  V SRURYQiQt V WDEXONRX þ    YãDk ]tVNDO X VRXEoUX YãHFK D VWDUãtFK                þOHQVNêFK  ]HPt  (YURSVNp  XQLH  QD  UREXVWQRVWL   8  ]HPt  VWĜHGQt  (YURS\\  VH                REMHYLOD  VWDWLVWLFNi  Yê]QDPQRVW  UHJUHVQtKR  NReILFLHQWX  YROHEQt  SURPČQQp                 elec it  WDNp X SUDYLFRYêFK YOiG  3UR SUDYLFRYp L OHYLFRYp YOiG\\ YãDk QHSĜe-                NURþLOD       KODGLQX  Yê]QDPQRVWL   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KRGQRWD MHGQD ]QDþt                vyVSČORX REþDQVNRX VSROHþQRVW","POLITICKÝ CYKLUS A FISKÁLNÍ POLITIKA                 7DEXOND 6:  8ND]DWHO GHFHQWUDOL]DFH PRFL v ]HPtFK (YURSVNp XQLH v OHWHFK                               –2008                                         Zdroj: EXURVWDW         YODVWQt YêSRþW\\                Poznámka: Ukazatel nabývá hodnot od 100 (plná decentralizace) do 0 (plná centralizace).                7DEXOND 7: Index RWHYĜHQRVWL GHPRNUDFLH ]HPt (YURSVNp XQLH v OHWHFK                               –2008                                          Zdroj: YODVWQt YêSRþW\\                Poznámka: Index nabývá hodnot od 0 (nejhorší výsledek) do 1 (nejlepší výsledek).","PěË/2+$                  7DEXOND  :  8ND]DWHO HIHNWLYLW\\ YOiG ]HPt (YURSVNp XQLH v OHWHFK     –2008                                        Zdroj:Kaufmann, Kraay, Mastruzzi (2010)                Poznámka: Ukazatel efektivity vlád se pohybuje v rozmezí od í2,5 (nejhorší výsledek)                do +2,5 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 2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& VH VRFLiOQtPL YêGDML MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX SURPČQQRX  WHUPtQ YROHE                                                                                                      =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\","PěË/2+$ 193                            7DEXOND 33  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& VH VRFLiOQtPL YêGDML MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX SURPČQQRX  WHUPtQ YROHE  ĜiGQp YROE\\                                                                                                             Zdroj: YODVWQt YêSRþW\\","194 POLITICKÝ CYKLUS A FISKÁLNÍ POLITIKA                 7DEXOND 34:  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& s FHONRYêPL YêGDML SR MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX                           SURPČQQRX  ĜiGQp YROE\\  RWHYĜHQRVW GHPRNUDFLH                                            =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\                7DEXOND 35:  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& s FHONRYêPL YêGDML SR MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX                           SURPČQQRX  WHUPtQ YROHE  RWHYĜHQRVW GHPRNUDFLH                                            =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\","PěË/2+$                 7DEXOND      2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& V FHONRYêPL YêGDML SR MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX                           SURPČQQRX  WHUPtQ YROHE  ĜiGQp YROE\\  RWHYĜHQRVW GHPRNUDFLH                                            =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\                TDEXOND 37:  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& s EČåQêPL YêGDML sSR MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX                           SURPČQQRX  RWHYĜHQRVW GHPRNUDFLH                                            =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\","POLITICKÝ CYKLUS A FISKÁLNÍ POLITIKA                 7DEXOND 38:  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& s EČåQêPL YêGDML SR MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX                           SURPČQQRX  ĜiGQp YROE\\  RWHYĜHQRVW GHPRNUDFLH                                            =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\                7DEXOND   :  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%C s EČåQêPL YêGDML SR MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX                           SURPČQQRX  WHUPtQ YROHE  RWHYĜHQRVW GHPRNUDFLH                                           =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\","PěË/2+$                 7DEXOND 40:  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& s EČåQêPL YêGDML SR MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX                           SURPČQQRX  WHUPtQ YROHE  ĜiGQp YROE\\  RWHYĜHQRVW GHPRNUDFLH                                            Zdroj: YODVWQt YêSRþW\\                7DEXOND 41:  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& s NRPSHQ]DFHPL Y\\SOiFHQêPL VWiWQtP                           ]DPČVWQDQFĤP MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX SURPČQQRX  RWHYĜHQRVW                           GHPRNUDFLH                                        =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\","POLITICKÝ CYKLUS A FISKÁLNÍ POLITIKA                 7DEXOND 42:  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& s NRPSHQ]DFHPL Y\\SOiFHQêPL VWiWQtP                           ]DPČVWQDQFĤP MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX SURPČQQRX  ĜiGQp YROE\\                           RWHYĜHQRVW GHPRNUDFLH                                       =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\                7DEXOND 43:  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& s NRPSHQ]DFHPL Y\\SOiFHQêPL VWiWQtP                           ]DPČVWQDQFĤP MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX SURPČQQRX  WHUPtQ YROHE                           RWHYĜHQRVW GHPRNUDFLH                                        Zdroj: vlastní vêSRþW\\","PěË/2+$ 199                 7DEXOND 44:  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& s NRPSHQ]DFHPL Y\\SOiFHQêPL VWiWQtP ]DPČVW-                           QDQFĤP MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX SURPČQQRX  WHUPtQ YROHE  ĜiGQp YROE\\                           RWHYĜHQRVW GHPRNUDFLH                                       =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\                7DEXOND 45:  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& VH VRFLiOQtPL YêGDML MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX                           SURPČQQRX  RWHYĜHQRVW GHPRNUDFLH                                          =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\","200 POLITICKÝ CYKLUS A FISKÁLNÍ POLITIKA                 7DEXOND 46:  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& VH VRFLiOQtPL YêGDML MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX                           SURPČQQRX  ĜiGQp YROE\\  RWHYĜHQRVW GHPRNUDFLH                                          =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\                7DEXOND 47:  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& VH VRFLiOQtPL YêGDML MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX                           SURPČQQRX  WHUPtQ YROHE  RWHYĜHQRVW GHPRNUDFLH                                         =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\","PěË/2+$ 201                 7DEXOND 48:  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& VH VRFLiOQtPL YêGDML MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX                           SURPČQQRX  WHUPtQ YROHE  ĜiGQp YROE\\  RWHYĜHQRVW GHPRNUDFLH                                          Zdroj: vlastQt YêSRþW\\","202 POLITICKÝ CYKLUS A FISKÁLNÍ POLITIKA                          7DEXOND   : 2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& VH VDOG\\ VWiWQtFK UR]SRþWĤ v   +'3 MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX SURPČQQRX  ĜiGQp YROE\\                                                                                                               =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\","PěË/2+$ 203                          7DEXOND 50  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& VH VDOG\\ VWiWQtFK UR]SRþWĤ v   +'3 MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX SURPČQQRX  WHUPtQ YROHE                                                                                                               =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\","204 POLITICKÝ CYKLUS A FISKÁLNÍ POLITIKA                   7DEXOND 51  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& VH VDOG\\ VWiWQtFK UR]SRþWĤ v   +'3 MDNR Y\\VYČWORYDQRX SURPČQQRX  WHUPtQ YROHE   ĜiGQp YROE\\                                                                                                                      =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\","PěË/2+$                 7DEXOND 52: OdKDG PRGHOX 3%\& VH VDOG\\ VWiWQtFK UR]SRþWĤ v   +'3 MDNR                           Y\\VYČWORYDQRX SURPČQQRX  ĜiGQp YROE\\  RWHYĜHQRVW GHPRNUDFLH                                          =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\                7DEXOND 53:  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& VH VDOG\\ VWiWQtFK UR]SRþWĤ v   +'3 MDNR                           Y\\VYČWORYDQRX SURPČQQRX  WHUPtQ YROHE  RWHYĜHQRVW GHPRNUDFLH                                           =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\","POLITICKÝ CYKLUS A FISKÁLNÍ POLITIKA                 7DEXOND 54:  2GKDG PRGHOX 3%\& VH VDOG\\ VWiWQtFK UR]SRþWĤ v   +'3 MDNR                           Y\\VYČWORYDQRX SURPČQQRX  WHUPtQ YROHE  ĜiGQp YROE\\  RWHYĜHQRVW                           GHPRNUDFLH                                          =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\                7DEXOND 55:  3UĤPČUQp WHPSR UĤVWX YêGDMĤ VWiWQtFK UR]SRþWĤ v ]HPtFK (YURSVNp                           unie v OHWHFK     –2008                            =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\","PěË/2+$                 7DEXOND 56:  3UĤPČUQp WHPSR UĤVWX SĜtMPĤ VWiWQtFK UR]SRþWĤ Y ]HPtFK (YURSVNp                           unie v OHWHFK     –2008                            =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\                7DEXOND 57:  5R]GtO VDOG VWiWQtFK UR]SRþWĤ Y\\MiGĜHQêFK v % HDP v ]HPtFK                           (YURSVNp XQLH v OHWHFK     –2008                     =GURM  YODVWQt YêSRþW\\","","Doležalová170x240.indd   1                                                                                                                                                               11.11.2014   2:55:29"];