Cofola International 2021. International and National Arbitration – Challenges and Trends of the Present and Future

Kapitola

Abstrakt

Until 2020, arbitration hearings usually presumed a physical presence of all participants in one room. Although hearings conducted by way of remote communication, i.e., virtual hearings, have been technically possible for several years, their use was limited at best. Due to travel restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the situation changed rapidly and virtual hearings came into the focus of the arbitral community. Mindful of the changing attitudes, this paper firstly discusses attributes of the virtual hearings, their advantages and challenges. Furthermore, with the benefit of the hindsight, the second part looks at how the arbitral institutions handled the “new normal” imposed by COVID-19 in terms of the guidance provided to the tribunals and parties.

Klíčová slova

Virtual Arbitration Hearings; Due Process; Arbitration Rules; Arbitral Institutions; COVID-19.


Reference

AGHABABYAN, A., A. HOKHOYAN and S. HABIB. Global Impact of the Pandemic on Arbitration: Enforcement and Other Implications. Kluwer Arbitration Blog [online]. 19. 8. 2020 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: http://arbitrationblog.kluwerarbitration.com/2020/08/19/global-impact-of-the-pandemic-on-arbitration-enforcement-and-other-implications/

Annual report 2020. SIAC [online]. 2020 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://www.siac.org.sg/images/stories/articles/annual_report/SIAC_Annual_Report_2020.pdf

Arbitral institutions COVID-19 joint statement. International Chamber of Commerce [online]. [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://iccwbo.org/publication/arbitral-institutions-joint-statement-in-the-wake-of-the-covid-19-outbreak/

BORN, G. International Commercial Arbitration. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International, 2020, 4250 p.

Campaign for Greener Arbitrations. greenerarbitrations.com [online]. 2021 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://www.greenerarbitrations.com/about

COVID-19 Guidance on the implementation of the temporary restriction on non-essential travel to the EU. on the facilitation of transit arrangements for the repatriation of EU citizens, and on the effects on visa policy. European Commission [online]. 30. 3. 2020 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/default/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/20200330_c-2020-2050-report_en.pdf

COVID-19 and the global approach to further court proceedings, hearings. Norton Rose Fulbright [online]. 2020 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/en/knowledge/publications/bbfeb594/covid-19-and-the-global-approach-to-further-court-proceedings-hearings

HKIAC guidelines for virtual hearings. HKIAC [online]. 2021 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://www.hkiac.org/sites/default/files/ck_filebrowser/PDF/services/HKIAC%20Guidelines%20for%20Virtual%20Hearings.pdf

HOLTZMANN, H. and J. E. NEUHAUS. A Guide to the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration: Legislative History and Commentary. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International, 1995, 1320 p.

ICCA. Does a Right to a Physical Hearing Exist in International Arbitration? ICCA [online]. [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://www.arbitration-icca.org/right-to-a-physical-hearing-international-arbitration

ICC announces record 2020 caseloads in Arbitration and ADR. ICC [online]. 12. 1. 2021 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://iccwbo.org/media-wall/news-speeches/icc-announces-record​-2020-caseloads-in-arbitration-and-adr/

ICC Guidance Note on Possible Measures Aimed at Mitigating the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Chamber of Commerce [online]. 9. 4. 2020 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://library.iccwbo.org/content/dr/PRACTICE_NOTES/SNFC_0025_EN.htm?l1=Practice+Notes

Information from the SCC relating to covid-19. SCC [online]. [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://sccinstitute.com/about-the-scc/information-from-the-scc-relating-to-covid-19/

MARGHITOLA, R. Document Production in International Arbitration. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International, 2015, 336 p.

NAPPERT, S. and M. APOSTOL. Healthy Virtual Hearings. Kluwer Arbitration Blog [online]. 17. 7. 2020 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: http://arbitrationblog.kluwerarbitration.com/2020/07/17/healthy-virtual-hearings/

PETSCHE, M. A. Punitive Damages in International Commercial Arbitration: Much Ado about Nothing? The Journal of the London Court of International Arbitration, 2013, Vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 89–104. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/arbint/29.1.89

SACHS, K. and C. T. PRÖSTLER. Chapter 28: Time Limits in International Arbitral Proceedings. In: SHAUGHNESSY, P. L. and S. TUNG (eds.). The Powers and Duties of an Arbitrator: Liber Amicorum Pierre A. Karrer. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International, 2017, pp. 279–293.

SCC arbitrators’ tips for a successful virtual hearing. SCC [online]. 2020 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://sccinstitute.com/about-the-scc/news/2020/scc-arbitrators-tips-for-a-successful-virtual-hearing/

SCC Statistics 2020. SCC [online]. 2020 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://sccinstitute.com/statistics/

SCHERER, M. et al. ‘First’ Worldwide, Austrian Supreme Court Confirms Arbitral Tribunal’s Power to Hold Remote Hearings Over One Party’s Objection and Rejects Due Process Concerns. Kluwer Arbitration Blog [online]. 24. 10. 2020 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: http://arbitrationblog.kluwerarbitration.com/2020/10/24/in-a-first-worldwide-austrian-supreme-court-confirms-arbitral-tribunals-power-to-hold-remote-hearings-over-one-partys-objection-and-rejects-due-process-concerns/

SCHERER, M. Chapter 4: Legal Framework of Remote Hearings. In: SCHERER, M., N. BASSIRI and M. S. A. WAHAB (eds.). International Arbitration and the COVID-19 Revolution. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International, 2020, pp. 65–104.

SCHINAZI, M. The Three Ages of International Commercial Arbitration and the Development of the ICC Arbitration System. ICC Dispute Resolution Bulletin [online]. 2020, no. 2, pp. 63–75 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://www.shearman.com/Perspectives/2020/08/The-Three-Ages-of-International-Commercial-Arbitration-and-the-Development-of-the-ICC-Arbitration

Technical Notes on Online Dispute Resolution. UNCITRAL [online]. 2017 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://uncitral.un.org/sites/uncitral.un.org/files/media-documents/uncitral/en/v1700382_english_technical_notes_on_odr.pdf

Technology Resources for Arbitration Practitioners – Virtual Arbitrations. International Bar Association [online]. [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://www.ibanet.org/technology-resources-for-arbitration​-va#Content

Urgent COVID-19 message to DRS community. International Chamber of Commerce [online]. 17. 3. 2020 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://iccwbo.org/media-wall/news-speeches/covid-19-urgent-communication-to-drs-users-arbitrators-and-other-neutrals/

Virtual hearing survey. SCC [online]. 2020 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://sccinstitute.com/media/1773182/scc-rapport_virtual_hearing​-2.pdf

WHO Statement regarding cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION [online]. 9. 1. 2020 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://www.who.int/china/news/detail/09-01-2020-who-statement-regarding-cluster-of-pneumonia-cases-in-wuhan-china

ZAUGG, N. and R. SHARIFI. Imposing Virtual Arbitration Hearings in Times of COVID-19: The Swiss Perspective. Kluwer Arbitration Blog [online]. 14. 1. 2021 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: http://arbitrationblog.kluwerarbitration.com/2021/01/14/imposing-virtual-arbitration-hearings-in-times-of-covid-19-the-swiss-perspective/

2018 International Arbitration Survey: The Evolution of International Arbitration. School of International Arbitration. Queen Mary University of London [online]. 2018 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: http://www.arbitration.qmul.ac.uk/media/arbitration/docs/2018-International-Arbitration-Survey---The-Evolution-of-International-Arbitration-(2).PDF

2019 Annual Case Work Report. LCIA [online]. [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://www.lcia.org/LCIA/reports.aspx

2019 ICC Dispute Resolution Statistics. ICC [online]. [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://iccwbo.org/publication/icc-dispute-resolution​​-statistics/

2020 Annual Case Work Report. LCIA [online]. [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://www.lcia.org/LCIA/reports.aspx

2020 Statistics. HKIAC [online]. [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: https://www.hkiac.org/about-us/statistics

2021 International Arbitration Survey: Adapting arbitration to a changing world. Queen Mary University of London [online]. 2021 [cit. 10. 6. 2021]. Available at: http://www.arbitration.qmul.ac.uk/media/arbitration/docs/LON0320037-QMUL-International-Arbitration-Survey-2021_19_WEB.pdf