XXIV. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Sborník příspěvků

Kapitola

Regional disparities in Covid and mobility in the Czech Republic (with patterns for employment)

Aleksandr Shemetev, Marek Feurich, Helena Mitwallyová
Rok vydání: 2021

https://doi.org/10.5817/CZ.MUNI.P210-9896-2021-25
Regional disparities in Covid and mobility in the Czech Republic (with patterns for employment) pdf, 2MB

Abstrakt

The research question is if an increase in pandemics corresponds with significant changes in mobility (supported by the public stay-at-home orders and willing decrease of movements) by the spheres of economic activities (parks (leisure time spending), grocery stores, workplaces, pharmacies, transportation stations, retail, recreation, and home) in the Czech Republic. The additional research question is if this pattern correlates with a high decrease in salaries and employment. This paper aims to answer these research questions. This research applies the graphical analysis and fixed-effects regression methods for high-frequency data for answering these questions. The main result is that an increase in the number of infected people significantly decreases human mobility and increases their visits to pharmacies and staying at homes. At the same time, the government support measures can be effective, because there is no huge drop in salaries and employment in the Czech Regions. This pattern contradicts the expectations based on the US patterns. The output of the regression analysis is that 2-5 thousand new infections a day can paralyze mobility in the entire region.

Klíčová slova

COVID, pandemics, Czech Republic, pandemics in the Czech Regions, high-frequency data, mobility

Reference

  • AFFINITY SOLUTIONS, (2020). Data for good. [online]. [cit. 2021-04-19] Accessible: URL: https://www.affinity.solutions/dataforgood.
  • ALOI, A., ALONSO, B., BENAVENTE, J., CORDERA, R., ECHÁNIZ, E., GONZÁLEZ, F., LADISA, C., LEZAMA-ROMANELLI, R., LÓPEZ-PARRA, A., MAZZEI, V., (2020). Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on urban mobility: Empirical evidence from the city of Santander (Spain). Sustainability, 12, no. 3870, pp. 2-18. ISSN 2071-1050. DOI: 10.3390/su12093870.
  • ASKITAS, N., TATSIRAMOS, K., VERHEYDEN, B., (2020). Lockdown Strategies, Mobility Patterns and COVID-19. Nature Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1972, pp. 2-38. ISSN 1476-4687. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81442-x.
  • BOHMAN, H., RYAN, J., STJERNBORG, V., NILSSON, D., (2021). A study of changes in everyday mobility during the Covid-19 pandemic: As perceived by people living in Malmö, Sweden. Transport Policy, vol. 106, no. 3, pp. 109-119. ISSN ‎0967-070X. DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.03.013.
  • BONACCORSI, G., PIERRI, F., CINELLI, M., FLORI, A., GALEAZZI, A., PORCELLI, F., SCHMIDT, A. L., VALENSISE, C. M., SCALA, A., QUATTROCIOCCHI, W., (2020). Economic and social consequences of human mobility restrictions under COVID-19. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 117, no. 27, pp. 15530-15535. ISSN 1091-6490. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007658117.
  • BORKOWSKI, P., JAŻDŻEWSKA-GUTTA, M., SZMELTER-JAROSZ, A., (2021). Lockdowned: Everyday mobility changes in response to COVID-19. Journal of Transport Geography, vol. 90, no. ISSN 0966-6923. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102906.
  • BOWES, A., LOMAX, L. and PIASECKI, J., (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on elite sportswomen. Managing Sport and Leisure, vol. 25, no. 1. ISSN 23750480. DOI: 10.1080/23750472.2020.1825988.
  • ČESKÝ STATISTICKÝ ÚŘAD, (2021). VDB. [online]. [cit. 2021-04-19]. Accessible: URL: https://www.czso.cz.
  • CHETTY, R., FRIEDMAN, J. N., HENDREN, N., STEPHNER, M., (2020). How Did COVID-19 and Stabilization Policies Affect Spending and Employment? A New Real-Time Economic Tracker Based on Private Sector Data. National Bureau of Economic Research, vol. 11, no. 27431. ISSN 0898-2937. DOI: 10.3386/w27431.
  • CHETTY, R., STEPNER, M., ABRAHAM, S., LIN, S., SCUDERI, B., TURNER, N., BERGERON, A., CUTLER, D., (2016). The association between income and life expectancy in the United States, 2001-2014. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 16, no. 315. ISSN 1538-3598. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.4226.
  • COVEN, J., GUPTA, A., (2020). Disparities in mobility responses to COVID. [online]. [cit. 2021-04-19]. Accessible:https://static1.squarespace.com/static/56086d00e4b0fb7874bc2d42/t/5ebf201183c6f016ca3abd91/1589583893816/DemographicCovid.pdf.
  • DINGEL, J. I., NEIMAN, B., (2020). How many jobs can be done at home? Journal of Public Economics, vol. 189, no. ISSN 0047-2727. DOI: 0.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104235.
  • DUSTMANN, C., PRESTON, I. P., (2019). Free Movement, Open Borders, and the Global Gains from Labor Mobility. Annual Review of Economics, vol. 11, pp. 783 - 808. ISSN 1941-1391. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-080218-025843.
  • FATMI, M. R., (2020). COVID-19 impact on urban mobility. Journal of Urban Management, vol. 9, 3, pp. 270–275. ISSN 2226-5856. DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2020.08.002.
  • GHERMAN, C., (2020). Study on Leisure Behaviour and its Influencing Factors. Economy Transdisciplinarity Cognition, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 47–52. ISSN 2068-7389.
  • GOOGLE, (2020a). COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports. [online]. [cit. 2021-04-19]. Accessible: URL: https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility/data_documentation.html?hl=en.
  • GOOGLE, (2020b). Google Cloud databases. [online]. [cit. 2021-04-19]. Accessible: URL: https://cloud.google.com/products/databases.
  • GOOGLE, (2020c). Open source databases. [online]. [cit. 2021-04-19]. Accessible: URL: https://cloud.google.com/solutions/open-source-databases.
  • HSIANG, S., ALLEN, D., ANNAN-PHAN, S., BELL, K., BOLLIGER, I., CHONG, T., DRUCKENMILLER, H., HUANG, L. Y., HULTGREN, A., KRASOVICH, E., (2020). The effect of large-scale anti-contagion policies on the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature Research, vol. 584, no. 7820, pp. 262–267. ISSN 2045-2322. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2404-8.
  • HUGGINS, R., IZUSHI, H., PROKOP, D., THOMPSON, P., (2014). The global competitiveness of regions. London and New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN DOI: 10.4324/9780203799130.
  • MINISTERSTVO ZDRAVOTNICTVÍ ČESKÉ REPUBLICE, (2021). DB. [online]. [cit. 2021-04-19]. Accessible: https://onemocneni-aktualne.mzcr.cz/api/v2/covid-19. Accessible: URL: https://onemocneni-aktualne.mzcr.cz/api/v2/covid-19.
  • MUSIAŁKOWSKA, I., IDCZAK, P. , POTLUKA, O., (2020). Successes & Failures in EU Cohesion Policy: An Introduction to EU cohesion policy in Eastern, Central, and Southern Europe. Poland: De Gruyter Open Poland. ISBN 9788395720451. DOI: 10.1515/9788395720451.
  • MUTLU, Y., YIGIT, A., FRANCISKO, B., (2020). Dynamics of Social Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada. IZA - Institute of Labor Economics. [online]. [ 2021-04-19]. Accessible: URL: https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/13376/dynamics-of-social-mobility-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-canada.
  • PIKE, A., RODRÍGUEZ-POSE, A., TOMANEY, J., (2011). Handbook of local and regional development. London and New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. 665 pp. ISBN 9780415548311 DOI: 10.4324/9780203003060.
  • POTLUKA, O., (2010). Impact of EU Cohesion Policy in Central Europe. Leipzig: Leipziger Universitätsverlag GmbH. 145 pp. ISBN 9783865835413.
  • PULLANO, G., VALDANO, E., SCARPA, N., RUBRICHI, S., COLIZZA, V., (2020). Evaluating the effect of demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, and risk aversion on mobility during the COVID-19 epidemic in France under lockdown: a population-based study. The Lancet Digital Health, vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 638–649. ISSN 2589-7500. DOI: 10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30243-0.
  • SHEMETEV, A., (2020). R Package alexandershemetev. [online]. [cit. 2021-04-19]. Accessible: URL: https://github.com/Alexandershemetev/alexandershemetev.
  • WARREN, M. S., SKILLMAN, S. W., (2020). Mobility Changes in Response to COVID-19. [online]. [cit. 2014-04-09]. Accessible: URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.14228.pdf.
  • WORLDOMETER, (2020). Coronavirus data. [online]. [cit. 2021-04-19]. Accessible: URL: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/.